Synthesis and Characterization of Silica-Titania Catalyst with Solid-State Technique Applying SiO₂ and TiO₂ Solid Precursors Based on Variation Time of Calcination in Biodiesel Production

In order to obtain the silica-titania with titanium tetrahedral coordination using solid state method, several parameters which influence the number titanium tetrahedral coordination are still investigated. In the previous study, the effect of mol ratio of Si:Ti and various temperatures for calcination were reported, however, this investigation is related to silica-titania with titanium tetrahedral coordination based on variation time (6 − 8h) of calcination using 1:1 mol ratio of Si:Ti at 450°C. Results show longer calcination time yields higher fraction of titanium tetrahedral with concentration still lower than 41%. The physical properties of biodiesel produced by this own synthesis of silica titania catalyst are influenced by titanium tetrahedral fraction in silica-titania in terms of viscosity, density and acid number and those properties are enhanced by increased fraction of titanium tetrahedral.