Comparison of Maxim Violation in the Novel Adventure of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain (1993) and the Short Animation Produced by Little Fox (2020)

Taufiq, Robby Anouvali (2022) Comparison of Maxim Violation in the Novel Adventure of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain (1993) and the Short Animation Produced by Little Fox (2020). Skripsi thesis, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni.

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Abstract

This study analyzes the maxim violation made by characters in The Adventure of Tom Sawyer novel by Mark Twain (1993) and short animation by Little Fox YouTube channel (2020). This story tells about Tom’s mischief and his adventure with his friends. This source of data is used because the language structure or utterance is focus on being cooperative not being polite that is why the use of theory of cooperative principle is suitable to analyze the utterance. Moreover, the use of animation made by Little Fox as the comparison data with original source, because animation produced by Little Fox still keep the original story from novel other than several adaptations with same title. In addition, this research used random data sampling. The data were collected from the utterance made by main character Thomas Sawyer and other characters in 8 out of 18 episodes of the animation version and 9 out of 35 chapters of novel version. The researcher uses only several episodes and chapter, because in animation not all of the episode contains maxim violation, and for novel because this analysis focus on comparison, the researcher needs to find the chapter in the novel that has the same utterance in the animation. The data were analyzed by using theories of Grice’s cooperative principle (1997), Cutting’s maxim violation (2002), and Tupan and Natalia’s indicators of maxim violation (2008). From the 187 utterances in total of 8 episodes of animation and 360 utterances in total of 9 chapters, the result shows there are differences and similarities between the two data, such as the occurrences of maxim quantity, quality, and relation novel, on the other hand in animation only has quality and relation. The maxim quality exists for 72% in animation and 66% in the novel. In both versions, indicator lying is the most dominant one with 57% in novel and 54% in animation. Meanwhile, the relation maxim exists for 24% in the novel, and 28% in animation, with each utterance possessing one indicator, and the last quantity maxim exists for 10% only in the novel. Other findings show a relationship between violation maxim and behavior which is shown in the utterances made by Tom as main character that mostly contain quality maxim violation and indicate his behavior as liar, deceiver, and manipulative person. In addition, there are arelationship between one maxim violation and another maxim violation such as relation maxim violation and quantity maxim violation, and quality maxim violation and relation maxim violation. Other findings also show there aredifferences in context delivered, the used of idiom in the novel, and language structure which is simpler in animation rather than novel.

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